Why is the climate changing. (Page 160)

ghostgeek: Approximately 252 million years ago, long before the emergence of dinosaurs, at the Permian-Triassic boundary, the largest of the known mass extinctions on Earth occurred. With more than 95% of marine species becoming extinct, life in Permian seas, once a thriving and diverse ecosystem, was wiped out within only tens of thousands of years, a geological blink of an eye. ...

Now new research, led by an international team of scientists from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in cooperation with the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St Andrews, including Italian and Canadian universities and published in Nature Geoscience ( Monday 19 October ) provides, for the first time, a conclusive picture of the underlying mechanism and consequences of the extinction and finally answers the key questions – what exactly caused Earth’s biggest mass extinction and how could an event of such a deadly magnitude unfold? ...

The team were able to determine that the trigger of the Permian-Triassic crisis was a large pulse of CO2 to the atmosphere originating from a massive flood basalt province, the result of a giant volcanic eruption in today’s Siberia. Analyses showed that the volcanisms released more than 100,000 billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere, triggering the onset of the extinction. This is more than 40 times the amount of all carbon available in modern fossil fuel reserves including carbon already burned since the industrial revolution.

The research team used innovative modelling to reconstruct the effect of such large CO2 release on global biogeochemical cycles and the marine environment. The findings showed that, initially, the CO2 perturbation led to extreme warming and acidification of the ocean that was lethal to many organisms, especially those building calcium carbonate shells and skeletons. The greenhouse effect, however, led to further dramatic changes in chemical weathering rates on land and nutrient input and cycling in the ocean that resulted in vast deoxygenation and probably also sulphide poisoning of the oceans, killing the remaining organism groups.

[ https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/great-dying-what-caused-earths-biggest-mass-extinction/ ]

ghostgeek: I'm left wondering what the world would be looking like now if the "Great Dying" had never happened. Almost certainly we wouldn't exist, so some people may shout, "Hooray," but I'm not one of them.

zeffur: We would have subdued all other life---just like now.
But, the 'scientific' guesses are not likely accurate, so it doesn't matter.
Scientific modeling is notoriously wrong.

Fractured fairy tale: The thingy with Science in the last few decades is the way it's presented

It used too be Science was a Therory too be challenged . It was never settled some might come along in 50 years what ever and prove the previous theory wrong
That's the way people have understood it and it was celebrated for that because everyone benifited.

Now we're told Trust the science that's it all debate shut down it's settled

That's not science it's fraud

ghostgeek: When science merges with politics, as has happened with the science of global warming, then woe betide anyone who presumes to question it.

zeffur: Science is given WAY too much adjulation. As we've seen with the pandemic--science should NOT be involved in politics at all--it only allows Fauci types to enrich themselves by providing bad guidance to people. Fauci & the WHO have both been wrong multiple times. They do NOT promote alternatives to the vaccine--because they favor the vaccine--even when it has been proven that 99.95+% of healthy people will survive SARS-COV-2 infections & have a more robust immunity than the people who got a vaccine (42% of which have not been able to prevent getting infected by the delta variant of the virus).

I hope Frontline or someone else digs deep into Fauci & shows how much he's financially benefiting from the pandemic. That would be awesome....

This site claims that he makes more than the PotUS:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamandrzejewski/2021/01/25/dr-anthony-fauci-the-highest-paid-employee-in-the-entire-us-federal-government/?sh=27a5d67f386f

I heard in video that he benefits from the vaccines. I don't know if that is true or not, but it wouldn't surprise me.

Sir Loin: Oh Zeff. In NZ we managed to eliminate covid by listening to the scientists. Look at what happened to USA with that orange moron overuling the scientists. Delta has come to NZ with an Australian traveller but we're getting on top of that too. Thank God for scientists!

zeffur: Fake tan DT has been replaced by senile JB.

You live on an island & have a small population. You are also isolated & you have very few people from other countries infecting your society regularly. I live in Houston which has 2 international airports & our govt doesn't have the good sense to prevent infected people from other countries from flying into Houston.

In addition, there is virtually NO infection tracking & quarantining happening in the US. Our govt is run by nitwits that can't even get useful & timely statistics reported to the public about infections & fatalities. It's a sad embarrassment, imo. If I was in charge, I'd fire them all & replace them with people who will actually serve the public properly--and NO that does not mean forcing them to accept a vaccine that they don't need/want.

Fractured fairy tale: You Can"t Compair The USA and New Zealand ,New Zealand Hasen't even got State Govenments , witch makes it Easier for every thing too be one Policy , All the states don't argur against each other and go there own way , screwing Every one over along the Way
Plus its a Island , There Should Be Multaple Stratahys for covid , Not Just one Thats forced Down every ones Throat

Sir Loin: Zeff and Fairy, both of you are contradicting yourselves, saying the problem is because useless politicians are ignoring scientists advice.
NZ has probably a similar population to Houston Zeff, it also has 7 international airports although not all can take Jumbos. Our biggest industry is tourism so Covid is really starting to bite. We went hard and early, border has been closed since it all began. It's only pressure from right wing politicians that allowed border controls to be relaxed and let Delta into the country. Right wing politics is all about rights but nothing about responsibilities.

zeffur: re: "Sir Loin: Zeff and Fairy, both of you are contradicting yourselves, saying the problem is because useless politicians are ignoring scientists advice."

You err. I never made that ^^ point. While there are plenty of useless politicians, I don't think the science is correct either. In fact it has been wrong multiple times over the course of the pandemic & continues to be so. I have no problem with a vaccine being created, tested properly, & offered to people who wish to accept it. I do have a problem with using people as guinea pigs via an EUA strategy to test the efficacy of a vaccine. I also have a major objection to authoritarian sociopaths thinking they have the right to coerce & force healthy people & infection recovered people (who have an adequate immune system to defeat such a virus) to accept a vaccine that they do NOT need/want. There are also a host of other really bad public policy errors that have been made which have lead to unnecessary lock-downs of most people, a major economic crisis for many people & business, & massive new public debts that were not necessary to be incurred.

kittybobo34: Government often makes rules that benefit the whole of society. Mandatory vaccines are for the benefit of all. Those that have refused the vaccine are filling our hospitals and passing the virus on to children, How can you defend that kind of selfishness.

zeffur: The C19 vaccine is not an essential vaccine for most healthy people. Healthy people do NOT need it as their immune systems can cope with the SARS-Cov-2 virus just like flu/cold viruses.

Unhealthy people & those with weak immune systems are the only people who need it.

Everything else you are told is a lie. 99.95+% of healthy people do NOT need the C19 vaccine.

re: "Those that have refused the vaccine are filling our hospitals and passing the virus on to children, How can you defend that kind of selfishness."

Such people should be home in bed recovering from their infections--just like they should be if they had the flu. We don't discriminate against or force/coerce healthy people to get flu vaccines & we should not discriminate against or force/coerce healthy people to get C19 vaccines. All authoritarian sociopaths should be forced out of office for violating the rights of it's citizens.

The govt is doing such an awful job of gathering & publishing C19 infection & fatality info that we do NOT really know exactly who is getting infect with which strain, where, what their pre-health condition was before being infected, race, age, location, etc. The govt should have an obligation to compile & publish such data daily so that its citizens can make informed decisions based on ACTUAL data from around the country--not just based on whatever Fauci claims is true. The govt should also provide regular updates on alternative treatment options that are available & stop suppressing it in favor of pushing an unnecessary vaccine onto healthy people who do NOT need/want it.

The TRUTH about the vaccines:

1. They are are NOT 100% effective.

2. They do NOT prevent a person from getting a C19 virus infection--they only purportedly reduce the life-threatening symptoms in unhealthy or immuno-compromised systems.

3. They give some people a false sense that they are 'immune' to the C19 virus--when in fact, they do NOT attain immunity until after their own immune system copes with & defeats a C19 virus infection.

4. They actually produce more asymptomatic virus spreaders, because such people often erroneously they think that they are immune to the virus, so when they become infected, many of them are asymptomatic & walk around without a mask spreading the virus to others.

5. They are an inferior solution to the C19 virus compared to unvaccinated people whose immune systems have had to develop a multitude of other immune system solutions to defeat such an infection--which is more robust, longer lasting, & more able to cope with new strains compared to the endless $$$ program of continuing to have to get new booster vaccines because the govt does not require big pharma to make a universal vaccine like the polio vaccine.

Your faith in the vaccine is not shared by many people--especially healthy people who would rather allow their own immune systems to develop a natural immunity solution a C19 viral infection than to accept the risks associated with an unnecessary EAU rolled-out vaccine.

Keep getting your bi-annual C19 shots, but, don't infringe on the rights of healthy people to ignore your unjustified fears...

People should band together & file a class action lawsuit against anyone who discriminates against their rights or who attempts to coerce them with job loss threats, unnecessary testing, & unnecessary travel discrimination.

kittybobo34: Zeff,, you seem to be missing the point, first of all people that were perfectly healthy have died from this, it all depends on your immune system, secondly if you're not vaccinated you can carry this disease for 2 weeks before you start to develop symptoms, can you imagine how many people you can infect in that time. Thirdly many who do not die, end up suffering long term issues for years. This disease can infect many different type cells in your body...
. With the vaccine, your anti- bodies build up quickly, and even if you come across the disease your antibodies will kill it in a few days, not weeks... The only alternative treatment options that I am aware of that works is convalescent plasma,, not easy to get.
So the government has made the vaccine free, made it available in many places and still there are those that won't do their share. So yes mandatory seems to be the only way to get those with no sense of community responsibility to step up.

zeffur: People who are perfectly healthy die of the flu also... that's just a fact of life--but statistically the weak are those who die in higher numbers & those are the people who need such a vaccine---healthy people do not need it.

Most of those 'healthy' people who have died probably fall into the camp that were put on ventilators unnecessarily by greedy hospitals. Given that all of the facts about fatalities have been either not collected or under reported, we can't know for certain what the causes of the deaths were in the healthy people. Flu & other diseases didn't suddenly stop because C19 arrived. There is a very high probability that many of the deaths were not caused by C19 but billed as such so that hospitals could get more pandemic $$$. Our system is terribly broke when that ^^ kind of thing can happen.

re: " if you're not vaccinated you can carry this disease for 2 weeks before you start to develop symptoms, can you imagine how many people you can infect in that time. Thirdly many who do not die, end up suffering long term issues for years. This disease can infect many different type cells in your body..."

Given that we DO NOT have any actual clear data on what you've described above, I don't think most of it is true or occurring in large numbers. People are using everything they can think of to scare people to get a vaccine that they don't need.

They should tell people the truth--which is if you are elderly or you have a weak immune system then your chances of dying from C19 are <insert REAL chances here>--rather than the endless misinformation that they have been misleading people with & the lotto ticket bribes that they have been using.. which is absolutely ridiculous & insulting.

re: "With the vaccine, your anti- bodies build up quickly, and even if you come across the disease your antibodies will kill it in a few days, not weeks..."

I've seen NO credible info published that supports that ^^ belief.

re: "The only alternative treatment options that I am aware of that works is convalescent plasma,, not easy to get."

Given that the govt is suppressing & failing to investigate alternative options because they are 'all-in' on the vaccines & that social media companies are banning free & open discussions about C19, I think there are many alternatives that are available because I've seen multiple alternative treatments promoted by actual MDs via their own websites. The govt should have an obligation to test ALL legitimate alternative treatment options oo determine what does & what does not help. They refuse to do that & that is another one of their failures. Why would they ignore the findings of actual front-line doctors??? It makes no rational sense.

re: "So the government has made the vaccine free, made it available in many places and still there are those that won't do their share. So yes mandatory seems to be the only way to get those with no sense of community responsibility to step up."

First of all--that ^^ is a lie. It is NOT free as they will bill taxpayers for all of those costs eventually. It's more accurate to say they are pretending that it is free but they will extract those highly inflated & unnecessary costs from taxpayers. Secondly, it is insane to force people to accept a vaccine that they DO NOT NEED/WANT. How do you leftist nitwits not understand that fact?????

kittybobo34: "-healthy people do not need it." so it means nothing to you that you could be spreading it around to all those healthy and non healthy alike. You have a kind of survival of the fittest attitude. with no conscience.,,, another thing , you may have survived your first go around with the disease but not the second, its adapting to us,.

zeffur: I have already been infected & my immune system defeated it. I have NO long term symptoms. If I get infected again with another variant--I will do the same thing as before--stay in bed (which is a form of self-quarantine). I don't need an unnecessary vaccine. The facts are the facts.

As for the fact that I or anyone else can be asymptomatic & possibly spread the virus--that applies to all people whether or not they have accepted the vaccine--so it is not an important factor that anyone can do anything about & maintain their right to not accept a risky vaccine that they do not need.

You also completely ignore the thousands of people who have died after getting the vaccine.
Reports that I have read indicate people who have already overcome a C19 infection have died after getting the C19 vaccine... so yeah.. I'll pass on such a vaccine. Take your own risks if your fears compel you to do so & stop trying to force your unnecessary vaccines on healthy people due to your irrational fears.

Fractured fairy tale: I never Said they were Ignoring Scientific advice what Ever that Mans Paddle Pop Lion
Take Ya Vaccine and go away

kittybobo34: No one has died from the vaccine, that is BS. Those that had the virus, and took the vaccine too late are the ones that died.

kittybobo34: The vaccine is noting more than a message to the immune system on what anti-bodies to make.

zeffur: kittybobo34: No one has died from the vaccine, that is BS. Those that had the virus, and took the vaccine too late are the ones that died.

They died too--but so have healthy people, so yeah--go do some research before you make false assumptions.

kittybobo34: This is the kind of false information that the medical people have been talking about.

zeffur: re: "kittybobo34: The vaccine is noting more than a message to the immune system on what anti-bodies to make."

Uh huh... like you are an immunologist & you tested to ensure your dose was just what you believe it was, right? lol

You blindly believed misleading fearmongering & got the vaccine when you very likely didn't need & you'd very likely already have a stronger immune response to the C19 infection than just the one that the vaccine stimulates, if you would have allowed your immune system to cope with the C19 infection rather than opting for the band-aid vaccines that will likely never stop being pushed on the public.

zeffur: The medical community are complicity in not providing people with honest data so that they can make informed decisions. That is what their ethical responsibility is--and they haven't been doing it properly.

Where is the contract tracing & quarantining effort in the US?? It is nearly non-existent. So, yeah--they are not on the ball at all with how they have mishandled the pandemic. Stop believing their lies...

kittybobo34: No,, I had Covid very early , before they really knew how far spread it was, it was 3 weeks of hell,, when the vaccine came out, I got in as quickly as possible,, back in August I caught the Dealta variant, and it was 2 days of sniffles, because of the vaccine.